Exercise Question Answers Chapter 12-Understanding Markets(Theme E-Economic Life Around Us) Subject Social Science Class 7 ************************ 1. What are the main features of a market? Recall a recent visit to a market to purchase a product. What are the different features of a market that you observed during this visit? Answer: A market is a place where buyers and sellers meet to exchange goods or services. One key feature is price negotiation , especially in informal or local markets. Markets have variety of goods , ranging from food to clothes and electronics. They often involve interpersonal interactions and bargaining. Payment methods can vary: cash, UPI, or card. In my recent visit to a vegetable market, I saw vendors calling out prices, people comparing items, and many buyers using mobile UPI for quick payments. 2. Remember the epigraph from a famous economist at the beginning of the chapter? Discuss its relev...
CHAPTER-DELHI:12th to 15th CENTURY
CLASS-7(HISTORY)
SUBJECT-SST
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1. Which ruler first established his or her capital at Delhi?
Answer: The Tomara Rajputs were the first rulers who established their capital at Delhi.
2. What was the language of administration under the Delhi Sultans?
Answer: It was Persian.
3. In whose reign did the Sultanate reach its farthest extent?
Answer: The Sultanate reached its farthest extent during the reign of Muhammad Tughluq.
4. From which country did Ibn Battuta travel to India?
Answer: Ibn Battuta belonged to Morocco, Africa and travelled to India.
5. According to the ‘circle of justice’ why was it important for military commanders to keep the interests of the peasantry in mind?
Answer:
According to the ‘circle of justice’ it was important for military commanders to keep the interest of peasantry in mind. As is clear from the following:
- A king survived on soldiers.
- Soldiers worked for salaries.
- Salaries came from revenue collected from peasants.
- Peasant would pay revenue when they are prosperous and happy. This in turn will happen when there is justice and honest governance.
6. What is meant by the ‘internal’ and ‘external’ frontiers of the Sultanate?
Answer:
The ‘internal’ frontier means the hinterland of the garrison town.
The ‘external’ frontier means the areas beyond the hinterland of the garrison towns.
7. What were the steps taken to ensure that muqtis performed their duties? Why do you think they may have wanted to defy the orders of the Sultans?
Answer:
Steps taken to ensure that the muqtis performed their duties well:
- Appointment of accountants to check the amount collected by the muqtis.
- Collection of revenues only which were prescribed by the state, not more than that in any circumstances.
- Fixation of limit to keep the required number of soldiers.
- They might be shifted to another area.
- The muqtis may have wanted to defy the orders of the Sultans because restrictions imposed on them were very rigorous.
- Their appointment was temporary.
8. Do you think the authors of tawarikh would provide information about the lives of ordinary men and women?
Answer:
1. I don’t think like that.
2. It is because the authors of tawarikh lived in cities mainly Delhi.
3. They were not in touch of village people.
4. They often wrote their histories for Sultans in the hope of rich rewards.
5. They had nothing to do with common mass.
Hence, it was obvious that the information provided by them would lack ordinary men and women.
9. Raziyya Sultan was unique in the history of the Delhi Sultanate. Do you think women leaders are accepted more readily today?
Answer:
1. Raziyya Sultan was unique in the history of the Delhi Sultanate because she was the first woman to become the ruler of the Sultanate.
2. She was more capable than her bothers as a ruler.
3. We think that even today women leaders are not accepted more readily.
4. Now the world has become the open mined in terms of gender equality.
5. We can see this in respect of 33% reservation of women in parliament.
10. Why were the Delhi Sultans interested in cutting down forests? Does deforestation occur for the same reasons today?
Answer:
1. The Delhi Sultans were interested in cutting down forests to expand their kingdom which was till then restricted to the Delhi Sultanate.
2. No, deforestation does not occur for the same reasons today.
3. Today it occurs for additional land for habitation, road expansion, road construction, industries, and urbanization.
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