Practice Sets for Class 9 Social Science (Periodic Test–2) with 40 Marks Blueprint ************************************ Preparing for Periodic Test–2 in Social Science becomes easier with well-structured practice sets . These sets not only help students understand key concepts but also improve time management. Moreover, each set follows a 40-mark blueprint , including MCQs, very short, short, and long answers . Therefore, students can practice according to the actual exam pattern. In addition, solving such sets regularly boosts confidence and reduces exam stress. Furthermore, teachers can use these sets for revision and assessment. Hence, practice sets serve as an effective tool for mastering History, Geography, Civics, and Economics before the final test. ********************************* To download PDF and Word file Click Below: Blue Print - CLICK HERE PDF(English) Practice Set - 1 CLICK HERE Answer Key - CLICK HERE Practice Set - 2 CLICK H...
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PowerPoint Presentation
The Beginning of Indian Civilization
Class-6
Subject-Social Science
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What is civilization?
Civilization is an advanced state of human society, in which a high level of culture, science, industry, and government has been reached.
Features of Civilization
- Civilisations have large organised communities or cities where people live and work together.
- Civilizations have rich traditions, art and beliefs that are shared among their people.
- They use advanced tools and techniques to make life easier and more productive.
- Civilisations often have writing systems to record important information and communicate.
- They have systems of leadership and rules to help manage and organise the society.
Beginning of the Civilization
- Civilisation began at different times in different parts of the world.
- In the region known as Mesopotamia (modern Iraq and Syria), that happened about 6,000 years ago.
- The civilisation in ancient Egypt followed a few centuries later.
From Village to City
- From about 3500 BCE, villages grew into towns.
- With increasing trade and other exchanges, those towns further grew into cities.
- This transition happened around 2600 BCE.
- Archaeologists gave this civilisation several names — ‘Indus’, ‘Harappan’, ‘Indus-Sarasvatī’ or ‘Sindhu-Sarasvatī’ civilisation.
- Its inhabitants are called ‘Harappans’.
- It is one of the oldest civilisations in the world.
Town Planning
- Town planning is important part of civilization.
- Harappa and Mohenjo-daro were the first two cities discovered in town civilization.
- It was identify in 1924.
- Several sites followed in the Indus plains.
- This is the reason, it is called ‘Indus Valley Civilization’.
- Later on, major cities were discovered:
- Dholavira (in Gujarat).
- Rakhigarhi (in Haryana).
- Ganweriwala (in the Cholistan desert in Pakistan).
- Hundred of smaller cities (such as Lothal in Gujarat).
Harappan Cities:
- The larger Harappan cities were built according to precise plans.
- They had wide streets which were often oriented to the cardinal directions.
- Most cities seem to have been surrounded by fortifications and
had two distinct parts —
- the ‘upper town’, where the local elite probably lived,
- the ‘lower town’, where common people lived.
- Some large buildings seem to have been used for collective purposes —
- Warehouses where goods to be transported were stored.
- Individual houses of various sizes lined the streets and smaller lanes.
- All those buildings were generally made of bricks.
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