NCERT Solutions-Sectors of the Indian Economy-Class 10 Social Science

 Exercise Question Answers For Chapter 2 Sectors of the Indian Economy(Economics) Class X Subject Social Science

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6. Do you think the classification of economic activities into primary, secondary and tertiary is useful? Explain how.

• Yes, it helps us understand the nature of different economic activities.

• We can study how the economy changes over time from agriculture to manufacturing and services.

• It helps policymakers plan sector-wise development strategies.

• Useful for analyzing employment and contribution to GDP.

• It shows interdependence among sectors and helps address sector-specific problems.

7. For each of the sectors that we came across in this chapter why should one focus on employment and GVA? Could there be other issues which should be examined? Discuss.

• Employment and GVA (Gross Value Added) show the sector’s role in economic and human development.

• Primary sector employs most people but contributes least to GVA.

• Tertiary sector contributes most to GVA but does not employ proportionately.

• Helps identify underemployment and disguised unemployment.

• Other issues: quality of jobs, wages, job security, social welfare, and environmental sustainability.

8. Make a long list of all kinds of work that you find adults around you doing for a living. In what way can you classify them? Explain your choice.

• Examples: farmer, factory worker, shopkeeper, driver, doctor, teacher, tailor, carpenter, domestic worker, engineer.

• Classification by sector:

  • Primary: farmer, fisher, beekeeper.

  • Secondary: factory worker, weaver, potter.

  • Tertiary: doctor, teacher, driver, shopkeeper, barber.

• Chosen based on nature of work: use of natural resources, manufacturing, or services provided.

9. How is the tertiary sector different from other sectors? Illustrate with a few examples.

• It does not produce goods but provides services.

• Supports both primary and secondary sectors.

• Examples: transportation (trucks, trains), communication (telephone, internet), banking, retail shops.

• Includes personal services like teaching, medical care, law, and administration.

• It has become the largest contributor to GDP in India.

10. What do you understand by disguised unemployment? Explain with an example each from the urban and rural areas.

• It refers to a situation where more people are working than needed; reducing some workers does not affect output.

• Rural example: On a small farm, all family members work but only a few are actually needed.

• Urban example: A street vendor or daily laborer who works all day but earns very little and is not fully employed.

• Workers appear employed but their potential is underutilized.

11. Distinguish between open unemployment and disguised unemployment.

• Open unemployment: Clearly visible; people willing to work but do not find any job (e.g., educated youth without jobs).

• Disguised unemployment: Hidden; more people work than necessary, especially in agriculture or informal services.

• Open unemployment is measurable, while disguised unemployment is hard to detect.

• Open unemployment mostly in urban areas; disguised unemployment in rural areas.

• Both types reflect lack of adequate employment opportunities.

12. “Tertiary sector is not playing any significant role in the development of Indian economy.” Do you agree? Give reasons.

• No, this statement is incorrect.

• The tertiary sector is the largest contributor to GDP in India.

• It includes essential services like transport, communication, banking, and education.

• New services such as IT and software have become key drivers of growth.

• It supports development in primary and secondary sectors and creates jobs.

13. Service sector in India employs two different kinds of people. Who are these?

• Highly skilled and educated professionals (e.g., doctors, engineers, IT specialists).

• Poor, unskilled workers (e.g., vendors, cleaners, delivery boys) who work in low-paying informal jobs.

• This shows inequality within the sector in terms of income and job quality.

• Educated workers benefit from high salaries and secure jobs.

• Unskilled workers face low earnings and lack of social security.

14. Workers are exploited in the unorganised sector. Do you agree? Give reasons.

• Yes, workers face poor wages and job insecurity.

• No fixed working hours, paid leave, or health benefits.

• Employers may terminate them at any time without reason.

• Mostly found in small shops, construction sites, and as daily wage workers.

• They lack legal protection and are often underpaid.

15. How are the activities in the economy classified on the basis of employment conditions?

• Classified into Organised sector and Unorganised sector.

• Organised: Regular employment, job security, fixed working hours, legal protection.

• Unorganised: Irregular work, low wages, no job security or benefits.

• Organised sector includes government jobs and large companies.

• Unorganised sector includes small vendors, casual labourers, and home-based workers.

16. Compare the employment conditions in organised and unorganised sectors.

• Organised Sector:

  • Regular jobs, fixed working hours.

  • Paid leave, pension, medical benefits.

  • Job security and legal protection.

• Unorganised Sector:

  • Irregular work, no job security.

  • Low wages, no paid leave or benefits.

  • Unsafe working conditions, lack of regulations.

17. Explain the objective of implementing the MGNREGA 2005.

• To provide Right to Work for rural households.

• Guarantees 100 days of wage employment in a year.

• Aims to reduce rural unemployment and poverty.

• Focuses on creating durable assets like roads, canals, and wells.

• Provides social security and boosts rural development.

18. Using examples from your area compare and contrast activities and functions of private and public sectors.

• Public Sector: Government hospital (free/low-cost health services), government school (affordable education).

• Private Sector: Private clinic (paid medical services), coaching institute (expensive education).

• Public sector works for public welfare, private sector works for profit.

• Public services are accessible to all; private services are better equipped but costly.

• Government often subsidizes essential public services.

20. Give a few examples of public sector activities and explain why the government has taken them up.

• Railways, BSNL, Indian Oil Corporation, Government schools and hospitals.

• These services require heavy investment and are essential for development.

• Private companies may not provide them at an affordable cost.

• Ensure accessibility to basic services for all, especially the poor.

• Maintain national security, infrastructure, and public welfare.

21. Explain how public sector contributes to the economic development of a nation.

• Builds infrastructure like roads, electricity, irrigation systems.

• Provides education and healthcare, improving human capital.

• Generates employment and reduces inequality.

• Supports industries by offering subsidies and credit.

• Promotes balanced regional development.

22. The workers in the unorganised sector need protection on the following issues: wages, safety and health. Explain with examples.

• Wages: Workers like street vendors and labourers often earn below minimum wages.

• Safety: Construction workers work in unsafe conditions without helmets or harnesses.

• Health: No medical support; e.g., domestic workers fall ill but get no leave or treatment.

• They need laws for fair wages, health insurance, and safe work environment.