AGRICULTURE (QUESTION ANSWERS)-CLASS-10

 

AGRICULTURE (QUESTION ANSWERS)-

CLASS-10                                                       SUBJECT-GEOGRAPHY

***************************************

AGRICULTURE 

Q 1. Distinguish between Primitive Subsistence Farming and Intensive Farming. 

Ans. 

Primitive Subsistence Farming	Intensive Farming
Small patches of land.	Large field.
Family labor	Hired labor
Depends on rainfall	Modern irrigation methods
Use of manure	Use of chemical fertilizers
Traditional tools like Hoe, Dao, Digging sticks	Modern tools like tractor, harvesting machine
Normal seeds	HYV seeds
Low Production	High Production

Q 2. What is Slash and Burn agriculture? Explain its salient features.  Also write its local names in different states.

Ans. 

A).  It is a type of agriculture in which farmers clear a patch of land and produce crops to sustain their family.  When the fertility of soil decreases, they shift and clear a fresh patch of land for cultivation.

 B) Silent features 

1. It is practiced on small patches of land.

2.  old technology and primitive tools.

3.  Farmers depend on the monsoon. 

4.  Land productivity in this type of agriculture is low.

5.  Family labour is used for farming.

C) Local names

1.  Jhumming:-  Assam, Meghalaya, Mizoram 

2. Pamlou:- Manipur

3.  Dipa:-  Chhattisgarh and Andaman Nicobar Islands.

Q3. Explain the characteristics of features of commercial farming.

Ans. 1. Farmers use higher doses of modern inputs HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides.

2.  The degree of commercialization varies from one region to another.

3.  Crops are grown mainly to sell in the market.

4.  The size of the farm is very large.

5.  Plantation is also a type of commercial crop.

Q4. state the characteristics of plantation farming. Name any two plantation crops.  Name any two States where plantation farming is practiced.  

Ans. Plantation Agriculture 

Characteristics:-

1. In this type of farming a single crop is grown on a large area.

2.  It is capital intensive farming because modern machinery and migrant laborers are used to obtain the inputs.

3.  It is a highly mechanized and commercialized farming. 

4.  Largest estates, technical know-how, good facilities of transport and communication are required in India.

5.  Tea, coffee , rubber, sugarcane banana etc are important plantation crops.

6.  Plantation farming is practiced in Assam West Bengal Karnataka where crops like tea and coffee are grown.

Q5. Differentiate between the Rabi Cropping season and Kharif Cropping season. 

Ans. 

Rabi Season	Kharif season	Said season
Grown in October to December	Grown in June or onset monsoon	Grown in between Rabi and Kharif
Harvest in April-June	Harvest in September to October
Areas:- Punjab ,Haryana, UP and  HP	TN, Telangana, Kerala, MH, WB.
Crops : Wheat, Barley, Peas, Mustard	Rice, Maize, Cotton, Jute	Watermelon, Muskmelon and cucumber

Q 6.Which is the staple food crop of the majority of people in India?

Ans.  Rice is the staple food crop of the majority of the people in India.

 Geographical conditions of Rice:

1.  Temperature : It requires high temperature and high humidity. It means monthly temperature is about 25 degree centigrade.

2.  Rainfall:-  Rice needs heavy rainfall more than 100 cm.

3.  Soil:- Rice is grown in Alluvial and loamy soil.

4. Areas of production: major rice producing states are West Bengal Bihar Assam and Pradesh Punjab Haryana Uttar Pradesh parts of  Rajasthan.

Q7. Which is the second most apple crop in India?  explain the growing conditions required for the same.

Ans.  1.Wheat is the second most staple crop of India.

          Geographical conditions:-

2.  Temperature:-  Wheat is a Rabi crop, it requires a cool growing season and bright sunshine at the time of ripening. temperature is ranging between 15*c to 20*c .

3.  Rainfall:-  It requires 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall.

4.  Soil:-  It is well grown in Alluvial and loamy soil.

5.  Growing regions:-  there are two important wheat growing zones

 (A) the Ganga Satluj plains of the Northwest.

(B) Black soil region  of Deccan.

6.  The major wheat producing states are Punjab Haryana Uttar Pradesh Bihar and parts of Madhya Pradesh.

Q8. Mention the major crops that come under millets. Why are millets a very important crop in India? state the geographical conditions required for their cultivation along with the areas where they are grown.

Ans. 

A. Millet crops 

Jowar,  Bajra and Ragi are the important millet crops.

Importance :- 

1. They are highly nutritious.

2.  Ragi is rich in iron, calcium and roughage.

3. They can be grown in rain-fed areas and hardly need irrigation.

 Geographical conditions:- 

 A) Jowar

1.  It is the third most important food crop with respect to area and production.

2. It is a rain-fed crop grown in moist areas.

3.  Maharashtra is the largest producer of Jowar.

B) Bajra

1.  It is well grown in sandy soil and yellow black soils.

2.  Rajasthan is the largest producer of Bajra.

 C) Ragi 

1. It is a crop of dry regions and grows well on red, black and Sandy soils.

2. Karnataka is the largest producer of Ragi.

Q9. Mention the geographical conditions required for the growth of maize in India.

Or

Describe three factors which have contributed to increase Maize production.

Ans.  Geographical conditions:-

1. Temperature:- it needs an average temperature between 21 degree c to 27 degree c.

2. Rainfall:-  it requires 75 cm annual rainfall.

3. Soil:- It  grows well in old Alluvial soil.

4. Growing regions Karnataka Uttar Pradesh Bihar Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.

Factors which have contributed to increase maize production

1.  HYV seeds.

2.  Fertilizers and pesticides.

3.  Irrigation methods.

Q10.  Name the crop in which India is the largest producer and consumer.

Ans. India is the largest producer and consumer of pulses in the world.

Q11.  Explain the geographical conditions required for the cultivation of pulses.  Name any three important pulse producing States.

Ans.  Geographical conditions

1.  Temperature:- It needs an average temperature between 25 degree c to 30 degree c.

2.  Rainfall:-  it requires 25 to 75 cm annual rainfall.

3. Soil:-  it grows well in all types of soils but a dry light soil is best suited.

4.  Major producing areas Madhya Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan Maharashtra and Karnataka.

Q12.  Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of sugarcane. name the major sugarcane producing states in India.

Ans.

1.  Temperature:- it needs an average temperature between 20° C to 27 degrees C.

2. Rainfall:-  it requires 75 to 100 cm  annual rainfall.

3.  Soil:- It will  grow well in all types of soil.

4.  Labour :- it requires manual labor from sowing to harvesting.

5. It is a tropical as well as subtropical crop.

6. Major producing areas Uttar Pradesh Maharashtra-karnataka Punjab Bihar and Tamil Nadu.

Q13.  Name any four oilseeds produced in India.  explain the importance of oilseeds in our day to day life.

Ans.  Main oilseeds:-  Groundnut, mustard, coconut,  soyabean,  linseed are  main oil seeds.

 importance of oilseeds:- 

1.  Most of these are edible in the form of oil and are used for cooking foods.

2. These are also used as raw material for  manufacturing Paints, soaps, ointments etc.

3.  Oil cake is used for cattle feed and also as fertilizer.

Q14. Compare the geographical conditions required for the two major beverage crops in India.

Ans. 

Tea	Coffee
First beverage crop of India	Second beverage crop of India
It is processed from the tender leaves of a Bush.	It is processed from the north of a coffee tree.
It requires 20 degree c to 30 degree c temperature	It requires 15 degree c to 28 degree c temperature
It needs 150 to 300 CM rainfall	It requires 150 to 200 CM rainfall
It requires well drained soil rich in humus and organic matter	It requires hills and sloppy soils.
It requires abundant cheap and skilled labor	It is processed through machine
It is produced in Assam West Bengal Tamil Nadu and Kerala	It is produced in Nilgiri in Karnataka Kerala and Tamilnadu

Q15. Compare the geographical conditions of jute and cotton.

Ans. 

Cotton	Jute
It needs high temperature and 210 Frost free days bright sunshine for its growth	High temperature is required during the time of growth
It grows well in the black soil of the Deccan Plateau	It grows well on well drained fertile soil in the floodplains
It is a kharif crop and requires six to eight months to mature	Jute is known as Golden fibre
Maharashtra Gujarat Madhya Pradesh Karnataka Tamil Nadu and Punjab are the major producing states of cotton	West Bengal Bihar Asam Odisha and Meghalaya are the major producing
It can be used to manufacturing clothes	It can be used to manufacture gunny bags Mats ropes carpets etc

Q16. Explain the institutional and technical reforms introduced by the government of India in the interest of farmers.

Ans. Institutional reforms:-

1.  abolition of zamindari system :- consolidation of land holding and abolition of zamindari system.

2.  The Green Revolution and white revolution were some of the strategies initiated to improve the condition of the farmers.

3.  Establishment of Gramin Bank,  cooperative society for providing loan facilities to the farmers.

4.  The Kisan credit card was introduced by the government of India for the benefit of the farmers.

5.  The government also announced the Minimum Support Price(MSP) for the important crops.

 Technical reforms

1. HYV seeds:-  the government provides HYV seeds and fertilizers.

2.  Weather bulletin:- special weather bulletins and agricultural programs for farmers were introduced on the radio and television.

3. Training:-  government provides technical assistance and training for farmers.

4.  Soil testing facility:-  government provides the soil testing facilities to the farmers. 

5. Other facilities:- transportation, storage facilities, cold storage service are provided by the government of India to the farmers.

Q17. Describe the contribution of agriculture to the national economy.

Ans . 

1. Agriculture has been the backbone of the Indian economy.

2.  its share in the GDP has registered a declining trend from 1951 onwards.

3.  Its  share in providing employment and livelihood to the  population continues to be as high as 52% in 2011.

4.  Agriculture is a primary activity which produces most of the food that we consume.

5.  Beside Food grind,  it also produces raw material for various industries.

********************************************