The Making of the National Movement: 1870s-1947

Exercise Question Answer
Chapter-The Making of the National Movement: 1870s-1947

Class-8
Subject- Social Studies 

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1. Why were people dissatisfied with the British rule In the 1870s and 1880s?
Answer:-  
1. Arms Act- 1878-
 In the 1878, the British passed discriminatory act, The Arms Act prohibited the indians from carrying arms.
2. The Vernacular Press Act:- 
In 1878, British government passed the Vernacular Press act meant to stop the newspapers to publish anything that would incite the people against the government. 
If any indian newspaper was found publishing anything objects neighbor its assets, including the printing press, could be confiscated by the government.
3. Illbert Bill:-
In 1883, Illbert Bill passed, which provided for the trial of the European convicts by the Indian judges. 
This was intensely opposed by the European community in india under the pressure of Europeans, the government had to withdraw the bill.

2. Who did the Indian National Congress wish to speak for?
Answer:- The Indian National Congress wished to speak for the people of india.

3. What economic impact did the First World War have on India? 
Answer:-
1. World War-I changed economic and political situation in India.
2.  Defence expenditure of the Government of India rose.
3.  As a consequences, taxes on individual income and business profits increased several times.
 4. Increased military expenditure and demands for war applies resulted in sharp rise in prices.
5. Demand for industrial goods and a decline of import from other countries led expansion of Indian industry.

4. What did the Muslim league resolution of 1940 ask for?
Answer:- 
1. In 1940, the Muslim league demanded independent states for Muslims in the North-western and Eastern areas of the country. 
2. The resolution did not mention partition or Pakistan.
3.  From the late 1930s, the league began viewing the Muslims as a separate nation from the Hindus.
4.  It feared that the Muslims may even go unrepresented. 
 5. The Congress rejected the league's desire to form a joint Congress- League's government in the United province in 1937.

5. Who were the moderates? How did they propose to struggle against British rule? 
Answer:-
1. The Congress in the first 20 years of it formation was moderate in its objectives and methods.
2.  It wanted that the Indian should be given more representation in the legislative councils.  
3. Legislative councils should be introduced in provinces councils where it did not exist.
4.  It demanded that Indians be placed in highpositions in the govcomment.
5. Civil service examinations to be held in India as well as not just in London.

Q6. How was the politics of the radicals within the Congress different from that of the moderates?
Answer:-
1. By the 1890s, a large number of Indians begin to raise questions on the political style of the Congress. 
2. They criticise the moderates for their politics of prayers. 
3. They emphasised the importance of self-raliance.  
4. They argued that people must rally on their own strength.
 5. They are also said that people must fight for Swaraj. 
6. Tilak raised a slogan, 'Freedom is my birthright and I shall have it'.

Q7. Discuss the various forms that the Non-Corporation movement took in different parts of India? How did the people understand Gandhiji? 
Answer:- 
1. The leaders of the Khilafat agitation, Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali, wished to start a full fledged Non- Corporation movement. 
2. Different classes and groups, Interpreting Ghanhiji's call in their own manner. 
3. In Gujarat Patisar peasants organised non violent campaigns against the high Revenue.
4. In coastal Andra and interior Tamil Nadu liquor shops were picketed. 
5. In many forest villages, peasants declared Swaraj and believed that Gandhi raj would be established.  

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