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NCERT Solutions-Chapter 2-Reshaping India’s Political Map-Class 8-Social Science

  Exercise Question Answers for Chapter 2 Reshaping India’s Political Map for Class VIII in subject social Science ********************************* Questions and activities: 1. Compare the political strategies of the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughals. What similarities and differences existed between them?   Answer:  Similarities: Both aimed to control a large part of India. Both used strong armies and weapons to conquer. Taxes from people and trade were their main income. Built forts, palaces, and mosques/temples. Faced resistance from local rulers. Differences: Delhi Sultans mostly ruled through force and raids. Mughal rulers, especially Akbar, used alliances, marriages, and tolerance. Mughals built a better administration (mansabdari system). Delhi Sultans shifted capitals and had frequent violent successions. Mughals stayed in power longer because of better planning. 2. Why did kingdoms like the Vijayanagara Empire and the Ahom Kin...
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NCERT Solutions-Confronting Marginalisation-Class-8-Social Science

Chapter-Confronting Marginalisation

Class-8

Subject-Social Science

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Q1. List two Fundamental Rights in the Constitution that Dalits can draw upon to insist that                 they be treated with dignity and as equals.
Answer:
    • Right to Equality (Article 15): This right ensures that no one can be discriminated against based on their caste, religion, gender, or place of birth.
    • Right to Protection from Untouchability (Article 17): This abolishes untouchability and declares it illegal, ensuring Dalits are treated with respect and dignity.
Q2. List one reason why Rathnam used the 1989 Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes
      (Prevention of Atrocities) Act to file a complaint.
Answer:
    • Rathnam used this law because it specifically protects Dalits from unfair treatment, humiliation, and violence. 
    • It punishes those who discriminate or harm Dalits, which is what Rathnam faced when his hut was burned and he was ostracized.
Q3. Why do Adivasi activists, including C.K. Janu, believe that Adivasis can also use the 1989 Act to fight against dispossession?
Answer:
    • Adivasis can use this Act because it protects them from losing their land and resources to others. 
    • The law states that land owned by tribal people cannot be taken away by non-tribal people, and if it is, they have the right to get it back.
Q4. Why did the Safai Karamchari Andolan file a PIL (Public Interest Litigation) in 2003?
Answer:
    • They filed a PIL to complain that manual scavenging still existed even after being banned in 1993. 
    • They demanded that the government take stronger action to stop this practice and protect the rights of manual scavengers.
Q5. What did the Supreme Court do on hearing their case in 2005?
Answer: 
    • The Supreme Court ordered all government departments to check if manual scavenging was still happening and, if it was, to stop it immediately. 
    • It also told the government to create a plan to rehabilitate manual scavengers.
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Confronting Marginalisation

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