Important Question Answers for the Class 9-Social Science Chapter 3- The Dynamic Atmosphere and Changing Climate ***************************** Very Short Answer Type Questions: 1. Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer? Answer: The stratosphere contains the ozone layer. 2. Name the gas that makes up the highest percentage of the atmosphere. Answer: Nitrogen makes up the highest percentage of the atmosphere. 3. Which element of weather is measured using a barometer? Answer: A barometer is used to measure atmospheric pressure . 4. What is the normal duration of the southwest monsoon in India? Answer: The southwest monsoon usually lasts from June to September . 5. Which season in India is known as the “hot weather season”? Answer: The summer season is known as the hot weather season. 6. Name the process by which water vapour turns into clouds. Answer: The process is called condensation . 7....
Class 8 Civics (Social Science) Activity 1 for Week-1
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Day-1-2
The Constitution of India:
✅ What is a Constitution?
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A constitution is a set of written rules and principles that governs a country.
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It defines the rights and responsibilities of citizens.
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It also explains how the government will work.
✅ Importance of Constitution / Why Do We Need a Constitution?
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Provides Rules and Laws: It ensures law and order in the country.
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Protects Rights: It guarantees fundamental rights to all citizens.
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Defines Government Structure: It explains the roles of different branches of government.
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Ensures Equality and Justice: Promotes fairness and prevents discrimination.
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Promotes Unity: It brings together people of different cultures and backgrounds.
✅ Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution
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The Drafting Committee was formed to write the Indian Constitution.
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It had 7 members and was chaired by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar.
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The committee worked for almost 3 years(2 years 11 months 18 days) to complete the Constitution.
✅ Role of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar in Making of Constitution
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Chairperson of Drafting Committee: He led the team that wrote the Constitution.
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Voice of Equality: Worked to ensure justice and rights for all citizens.
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Promoted Social Justice: Strongly opposed caste discrimination.
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Protected Fundamental Rights: Focused on individual freedom and dignity.
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Constitutional Expert: His knowledge and leadership were key in forming the Constitution.
✅ Key Features of the Indian Constitution
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Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic Republic: India is independent, believes in equality, and respects all religions.
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Fundamental Rights: It guarantees basic rights like freedom of speech and equality.
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Directive Principles of State Policy: Guidelines for the government to ensure the welfare of people.
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Federal System: Division of power between the central and state governments.
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Secularism: No official religion, and all religions are treated equally.
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Independent Judiciary: Ensures justice for all and checks government power.
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Universal Adult Franchise: Every citizen above 18 has the right to vote.
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✅ Guardian of the Indian Constitution
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The Supreme Court of India is known as the Guardian of the Indian Constitution.
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It ensures that the Constitution is followed and protects the fundamental rights of citizens.
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The Supreme Court has the power of judicial review, meaning it can check whether laws made by the government are constitutional or not.
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It acts as the final interpreter of the Constitution.
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If any law or action violates the Constitution, the Supreme Court can declare it invalid.
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Day-3-4
✅ What is Parliament?
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Parliament is the supreme legislative body of India.
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It consists of two houses: Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha.
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It represents the people of India and makes important decisions for the country.
✅ Role of the Parliament
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Makes laws for the country.
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Approves the budget and manages government spending.
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Discusses and debates important issues.
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Checks the work of the government and holds it accountable.
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Represents the views of the citizens.
✅ Difference Between Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha
| Aspect | Lok Sabha | Rajya Sabha |
|---|---|---|
| Also Called | House of the People | Council of States |
| Members | 543 Members | 245 Members(233+12 Nominated by President) |
| Election | Members elected by the people | Members elected by State Legislative Assemblies |
| Term | 5 Years | Permanent, but one-third members retire every 2 years |
| Leader | Speaker of the Lok Sabha | Vice President of India (Chairperson) |
| Role | Introduces and passes money bills | Reviews and suggests changes to bills |
| Power | More powerful in money-related matters | Less power in financial matters |
✅ Who Makes New Laws?
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Parliament makes new laws.
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Members of Parliament (MPs) discuss and vote on proposed laws, called bills.
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If a bill is approved by both houses and signed by the President, it becomes a law.
✅ Unpopular and Controversial Laws
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Sometimes, the government may pass laws that are unpopular or controversial.
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People can express their disagreement through protests or public debates.
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Courts can also check if the law violates the Constitution.
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Parliament can review and make changes to such laws based on public opinion.
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