NCERT Solutions-Resources and Development-Class 10-Social Science

 Exercise Question Answers for Chapter 1-Resources and Development-Class 10-Subject Social Science

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1. Multiple choice questions.

(i) Which one of the following is the main cause of land degradation in Punjab?

(a) Intensive cultivation    (c) Over irrigation

(b) Deforestation               (d) Overgrazing

(ii) In which one of the following states is terrace cultivation practised?

(a) Punjab                              (c) Haryana

(b) Plains of Uttar Pradesh    (d) Uttarakhand

(iii) In which of the following states black soil is predominantly found?

(a) Uttar Pradesh             (c) Rajasthan

(b) Maharashtra              (d) Jharkhand

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

(i) Name three states having black soil and the crop which is mainly grown in it.

Answer: 

1. Maharashtra – black soil found in Deccan Plateau region.

2. Madhya Pradesh – also rich in black soil.

3. Chhattisgarh – known for black cotton soil.
   Main crop: Cotton is mainly grown in black soil.

(ii) What type of soil is found in the river deltas of the eastern coast? Give three main features of this type of soil.

Answer: 

• The soil found is Alluvial Soil.

• It is very fertile, ideal for agriculture.

• Rich in potash, phosphoric acid, and lime.

• Mostly found in the deltas of rivers like Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri.

(iii) What steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas?

Answer: Steps can be taken to control soil erosion in the hilly areas:

1. Contour ploughing – ploughing along the contour lines.

2. Terrace farming – making step-like fields to slow water flow.

3. Afforestation – planting trees to bind the soil.

3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.

(i) Explain land use pattern in India and why has the land under forest not

increased much since 1960-61?

Answer: 

1. Land is used for forests, agriculture, pastures, and non-agricultural purposes.

2. 43% land is plain – used for agriculture and industry.

3. 30% land is mountainous – supports forests and tourism.

4. 27% land is plateau – rich in minerals and forests.

5. Land under forests has not increased due to pressure of increasing population, urbanisation, and development projects. Also, afforestation efforts have been slow and not enough to meet the 33% goal of the National Forest Policy.

(ii) How have technical and economic development led to more consumption of

resources?

Answer: 

1. Modern technology has made resource extraction faster and wider.

2. Urbanisation increases demand for land, water, and energy.

3. Industries consume large amounts of minerals and fossil fuels.

4. Transportation and infrastructure need lots of resources.

5. Economic growth focuses on mass production, often ignoring sustainability.

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