NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Chapter 8: Building Blocks in Economics – The Problem of Choice (Question Answers) The Big Questions: 1. What does economics deal with? Answer: Economics deals with how individuals, enterprises and governments make choices. It helps in the efficient use of limited resources to satisfy unlimited needs and wants . It explains how consumers, producers, governments and financial institutions interact in an economy. It studies the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. It helps in making informed economic decisions using data and analysis. 2. What are the key questions in economics? Answer: What to Produce? – Decide which goods and services should be produced and in what quantity. How to Produce? – Decide which methods, resources and technologies should be used for production. For Whom to Produce? – Decide who will receive the goods and services and how they will be distributed. 3. How do differe...
Exercise Question Answers Chapter 3 New Beginnings: Cities and States (History) Subject Social Science Class 7
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1. Consider the quotation at the start of the chapter and
discuss in several groups. Compare your observations and
conclusions on what Kauṭilya recommends for a kingdom.
Is it very different today?
Answer: Kauṭilya recommends for a kingdom:
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A good kingdom should have forts, fertile land, forests, mines, and pastures.
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It should not depend only on rain, but have good water sources.
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Roads and waterways must be well-built for easy movement.
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A strong economy with a variety of goods is important.
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Comparison: Even today, countries focus on good infrastructure, strong economy, agriculture, and security — so Kauṭilya’s ideas are still very relevant!
2. According to the text, how were rulers chosen in early
Vedic society?
Answer: Rulers were chosen in early Vedic society because:
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Rulers (rājās) were selected from among the elders of the clan.
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Assemblies like sabha and samiti gave advice to the rājā.
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The rājā was expected to rule with consultation, not absolute power.
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In some regions, the assembly could remove a bad ruler.
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Later, in many places, kingship became hereditary (passed from father to son).
3. Imagine you are a historian studying ancient India. What
types of sources (archaeological, literary, etc.) would you
use to learn more about the mahājanapadas? Explain how
each source might contribute to your understanding.
Answer:
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Archaeological evidence: Excavations of ancient cities, forts, coins, and tools.
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Ancient texts: Vedic, Buddhist, and Jain literature describing kings, cities, and laws.
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Inscriptions: Stone writings about rulers, battles, and administration.
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Foreign travelers' accounts: Later travelers' writings give clues about old times.
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Monuments: Remains like moats, gates, and fortifications tell about city planning.
4. Why was the development of iron metallurgy so important
for the growth of urbanism in the 1st millennium BCE?
You may use points from the chapter but also from your
knowledge or imagination.
Answer:
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Stronger tools: Iron ploughs helped farmers grow more food.
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Better weapons: Iron swords and spears made armies stronger.
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Bigger cities: Surplus food supported larger populations and cities.
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Trade increase: Iron tools and weapons were important trade items.
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Expansion: Stronger tools helped clear forests and expand settlements.
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To Learn More NCERT Solutions:
Chapter 1- Geographical Diversity of India
Chapter 2- Understanding the Weather (wait)
Chapter 3- Climates of India
Chapter 4- New Beginnings: Cities and States
Chapter 5- The Rise of Empires
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In Text Question Answers:
Chapter 1- Geographical Diversity of India (wait)
Chapter 2- Understanding the Weather (wait)
Chapter 3- Climates of India
Chapter 4- New Beginnings: Cities and States
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