Water Resources-Question Answer-Class-10-SST

CHAPTER -WATER RESOURCES (GEOGRAPHY)
CLASS-10 
SUBJECT -SOCIAL SCIENCE 

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Q1. What is the most important benefit for hydrological cycle?

Answer- 

Hydrological cycle renews and recharge is the freshwater which is quite essential for wildlife and human beings also.

Q2. What percent volume of the total water available on Earth is contained by oceans?

Answer:

96.5% volume of the total water available on Earth is contained by oceans.

Q3.  How much percentage of global precipitation is received by India?

Answer : 

4% of global precipitation is received by India.

Q4.  "The availability of water resource varies over space and time in India." Support the statement with suitable examples.

Answer:

• Uneven Rainfall – Some areas like Cherrapunji receive very heavy rainfall, while others like Rajasthan get very little.

• Seasonal Rainfall – Most rain falls during a short monsoon period; rest of the year remains dry.

• River Distribution – Rivers are not evenly spread; northern plains have more rivers compared to western India.

• Groundwater Availability – Varies from region to region; overuse in some areas causes scarcity.

• Example – Punjab has good irrigation due to river water, while Rajasthan depends on limited groundwater.

Q5. Water is a renewable resource yet there is a water scarcity in many parts of the country.  Analyse the causes of water scarcity.

                                                 Or 

Explain the quantitative aspect of water scarcity.

Answer- 

Causes of Water Scarcity – In points:

• Overuse of Water – For agriculture, industry, and domestic use.

• Unequal Access – Some people or regions get more water than others.

• Pollution of Water Sources – Makes water unfit for use.

• Deforestation – Reduces rainfall and water absorption by soil.

• Over-irrigation – Leads to waterlogging and salinity.

• Climate Change – Alters rainfall patterns and reduces water availability.

Q6. "Is it possible that an area or region may have ample water resources still facing water scarcity"?  In the light of the statement what values are required to conserve water resources?

                                                                   Or 

Explain the qualitative aspect of water scarcity.  What values are needed to save the quality of water?

Answer-

• Yes, it is possible.

• Mismanagement of Water – Wastage and poor storage practices cause scarcity.

• Inefficient Irrigation – Use of flood irrigation wastes large amounts of water.

• Pollution – Contaminated water is not usable.

• Urban Lifestyle – Excessive and careless use in cities.

Values Required to Conserve Water Resources:

• Responsibility – Use water wisely.

• Awareness – Understand importance of water conservation.

• Cooperation – Work together to save water.

• Sustainability – Use resources without harming the future.

• Discipline – Avoid unnecessary wastage.

Q7.  Why is there an urgent need of the hour  to conserve and manage our water resources?

Answer:

1. To safeguard ourselves from health hazards.

2.  To ensure food security.

3.  To continuation of our livelihoods and productive activities.

4.  To prevent degradation of our natural ecosystem.

 5. To save the future generation from water crisis.

Q8.  Highlight the hydraulic structure as part of water management programs initiated in ancient India along with the period when they are built.

Answer.

1. In 11th century Bhopal lake was built.

2. 14th century tank in Hauz Khas in Delhi constructed by Iltutmish. 

3. Chandragupta Maurya built dams, lakes and irrigation systems.

Q9.  Explain the advantages of multipurpose river projects.

Answer

Advantages-

1. Flood Control:-  River valley projects control the flood and thereby check soil erosion.

2.  Irrigation:  They provide water for irrigation in the command area during dry seasons.

3.  Electricity Generation:-  These projects are the main source of power.  They  ensure regular electricity for industrial and household purposes.

4.  Inland Navigation:  River valley projects provide inland water navigation through main river and canal that link different regions.

5.  Fish Breeding:  Reservoirs provide ideal conditions for the development of fisheries. 

6. Amusement: People in large number come here as tourist and recreate themselves in boating on the canals and Reservoirs.

Q10. Explain the disadvantages of multipurpose river projects. 

Answer 

Disadvantages:-

1.  Displacement of Local Communities: 

                                        The building of large dams result in displacement of local communities.  The displaced people do not get full rehabilitation facilities from the government.

2.  Adverse impact on Aquatic Life:-

                                          Due to construction of dams on the rivers, the fish in the downstream area do not get sufficient nutrient materials.

3.  Change in the Cropping Pattern:- 

                                     Most of the farmers have changed the cropping patterns shifting to cultivation of water intensive and commercial crops.

4.  Increase the Social Gap: 

                                     River valley projects has transform social gap between richer landlords and the landless poor.

5.  Excessive Sedimentation:  

                             Regulating and damming of rivers affect the natural flow and excessive sedimentation and the bottom of the reservoirs.

Q11. How has irrigation changed the cropping pattern of many regions?

Answer:

Consequences related to the cropping pattern: 

1. Irrigation have changed the cropping patterns.

2. Farmers have shifted to water intensive and commercial crops.

3.  This led to salinization of soil.

4.  This has also transform the social landscape add increase in gap between rich land owners and landless poor.

5.  In Gujarat, the Sabarmati-basin farmers were agitated and almost cause a riot over the higher priority given to water supply in urban areas.

Q12. Why did Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru proclaim the River dam as the temples of modern India?  Explain with main reasons.

answer:

1.  Because of the dams were built with their integrated water resources management approach.

2.  It was expected that dams would integrate development of agriculture and the village economy with rapid  industrialization and growth of urban economy.

 For examples:

a) Dams were built to impound river and rainwater that could be used later to irrigate agriculture field.

b)  Hydroelectricity is also generated which is provided to industries to run machines.

c)  Dams also control flood at the time of excessive rainfall.

d)  It protect the devastation of life and property and soil does not get eroded.

Q13. What is rainwater harvesting system?  Which state in India has made this system compulsory?  Also mention which village of Karnataka has installed rooftop rainwater harvesting system to meet its water needs?

Answer:

1.  Rainwater Harvesting:  It is a technique of increasing the recharge of groundwater by capturing and storing rainwater in constructed structure such as dug Wells percolation it's and check dams etc.

2.  Tamil Nadu state in India has made this rainwater harvesting system compulsory.

3. In Gendathur a remote village in Mysore of Karnataka has installed rooftop rainwater harvesting system to meet its water needs.

Q14. Describe how modern adaptation of traditional rainwater harvesting methods are being carried out to conserve and store water.

 or 

Describe any three different rainwater harvesting systems practiced in India.

Ans: 

1.  In Western Himalaya,  diversion channels called 'Guls and Kuls' are built to conserve rainwater.

2.  Rooftop rainwater harvesting is commonly practiced to store drinking water in Rajasthan.  Almost all the houses had underground tankas.

3.  In the flood plan of Bengal inundation channels are constructed to irrigate their fields.

4.  In arid and semi arid regions agriculture fields are converted into rain fed storage structures that allow the water to stand and moisten the soil.  They are known as 'Khadins' in Jaisalmer and 'Johads' in other parts of Rajasthan.

Q15. Discuss how rainwater harvesting in semi arid and arid regions of Rajasthan is carried out?

 or 

Explain the working of underground tanks as part of rooftop rainwater harvesting system practiced in Rajasthan.

Ans: 

1.  In semi arid and arid regions of Rajasthan rainwater harvesting is carried out in their own manner.

2.  Houses have traditionally constructed underground tanks or tankas for storing rainwater.

3.  The tanka could be as large as a big room.

4.  These tankas are constructed inside the main house or the courtyard.

5.  The tankas were part of the well developed rooftop rainwater harvesting system.

6.  They are connected to the sloping roof through a pipe and store rainwater in these underground tankers.

Q16. Discuss the procedure for rooftop rainwater harvesting.

Answer:

1.  Rooftop rainwater is collected using the PVC pipes.

2.  Water is filtered using sand and bricks.

3.  Underground pipe takes water to pump for immediate usage.

4.  Excess water from the pump is taken to the well.

5.  Water from the well recharges the underground water.

6. Water is taken from the Wells recharge through hand pumps.

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