Important Question Answers for the Class 9-Social Science Chapter 3- The Dynamic Atmosphere and Changing Climate ***************************** Very Short Answer Type Questions: 1. Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer? Answer: The stratosphere contains the ozone layer. 2. Name the gas that makes up the highest percentage of the atmosphere. Answer: Nitrogen makes up the highest percentage of the atmosphere. 3. Which element of weather is measured using a barometer? Answer: A barometer is used to measure atmospheric pressure . 4. What is the normal duration of the southwest monsoon in India? Answer: The southwest monsoon usually lasts from June to September . 5. Which season in India is known as the “hot weather season”? Answer: The summer season is known as the hot weather season. 6. Name the process by which water vapour turns into clouds. Answer: The process is called condensation . 7....
CHAPTER-GENDER,RELIGION AND CASTE
CLASS-10
SUBJECT-SOCIAL STUDIES
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Q1. What is gender division?
Ans. Gender division is defined as the difference between female and male members of society. It is a form of herarchical social division based on social expectations and stereotypes.
Q2. What is feminist movement?
Ans. A radical movement aimed at equality in personal and family life.
Q3. What do you mean by petriarchal society?
Ans. A society based on male domination.
Q4. Name the countries where the participation of women is high.
Ans. Sweden, Norway, Finland.
Q5. What do you mean by sexual division of labour? Mention, any three point?
Ans.
1. Sexual division of labour is a system in which all works inside the home is either done by the women of the family or organised by them through the domestic helpers.
2. The sexual division of labour does not mean that men cannot do household works. When these jobs are paid for, men are ready to take up these jobs. for example most tailors and cooks in the hotels are men.
3. Sexual division of labour also does not mean that women do not work outside their homes. In villages, women fetch water, collect fuels and work in the field.
Q6. Mention different aspects of life in which women are discriminated and disadvantaged in India.
Ans.
1. Literacy Rate:-
The literacy rate among women is only 54% compared to 76 of men. A very small proportion of girls students go for higher studies.
2. Employment:-
Proportion of women is highly paid and valued job is still very small.
On an average Indian woman work for one hour more than men.
3. Wages:-
According to equal wages act 1976 equal wages should be paid to both men and women. But in many areas females paid less than men.
4. Parents Preferences:-
Indian parents prefer to have sons and find way to abort girl child before she is born. This has led to decline in child sex ratio.
5. Exploitation and Violation:-
There are reports of various kinds of harassments, exploitation and violence against women. Urban areas have become particularly unsafe for women.
Q7. What is the status of women's representation in India's legislative bodies?
Ans.
1. In india, the proportion of women in the legislative is very low.
2. Percentage of elected women in the state assembly is less than 5%.
3. Percentage of elected women in the Lok Sabha is only 10%.
4. India among the bottom group of nations in the world in women participation in national Parliament in different regions of the world.
5. India is behind the averages for several developing countries of Africa and Latin America.
Q8. What steps can be undertaken to improve the women's representation in politics?
Or
How has women participation been increased in the Indian politics?
Or
Suggest any five measures to raise the status of women in the society and to end discrimination against them.
Ans.
1. Women should be given enough representation in the elected bodies as it is in Panchayati Raj in India - 1/3 seats are reserve for women in local government bodies.
2. Seats must reserve for women in parliamentary, state legislative assembly.
3. A bill that is spending in Parliament more than a decade should immediately implemente with consensus.
4. Emphasis should be given to increase the literacy rate among women.
5. Political party must give due representation to women candidate.
Q9. Who said 'the religion can never be separated from the politics'?
Ans. Mahatma Gandhi.
Q10. What does the term communism denote?
Ans. Communalism is a situation in a society in which the different religious groups try to establish its superiority over the others.
Q11. What is the secular state?
Ans. Secular state is a state where citizens have complete freedom to follow any religion and there is no official religion.
Q12. How religion can be used in politics in a positive manner? Express your viewpoint.
Or
Discuss the various considerations about religions and politics.
Ans. Religion plays an important role in politics. Religion base politics play both negative and positive role in politics.
Positive role in politics:-
1. Views of Mahatma Gandhi:-
He gave the view that religion cannot be separated from politics. He believed that politics must be guided by ethics drawn from religion.
2. View of human right groups:-
They demanded that government must take special steps to protect religious minorities.
3. Feminist Movements:-
These movements have argued that family law of all religions discriminate woman. The main demand of these movements is that the government should change these laws to make more equitable.
Q13. When does the communalism problem become acute?
Ans.
1. When one religion and its followers are discriminated against by another religion religion.
2. Religion is seen as the basis of the nation.
3. When people start believing that beliefs of one religion are superior to those of other religion.
4. When state power is used to establish domination of one religious group over the rest.
Q14. State different forms of communal politics with 1 example each.
Or
How does communism take various forms in politics? Explain.
Ans.
1. Expression of communalism in everyday belief:-
This is the most common expression of communism. It involves religious prejudice, stereotypes etc. of religious communities and belief in the spirituality of one's religion over the other religions.
2. A communal mind leads to quest for political community:-
A communal mind tries political dominance of his own religious community. Those who belong to majority community, take the form of majority and dominance whereas those belonging to minority community from a separate political unit.
3. Political mobilisation based on communalism:-
This is another frequent form of communalism. This involved the use of sacred symbols, religious leaders, emotional appeal etc.
4. Communal violence:-
Sometimes communalism in India takes its most ugly form of communal violence, riots and massacre.
Q15. Mention constitutional provisions that make India a secular state.
Or
"Secularism is not an ideology of some political parties or persons, but it is one of the foundations of our country"? e Examine the statement.
Ans.
1. There is no official religion for the Indian state.
2. The Constitution prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion.
3. The Constitution allows the state to intervene in the matter of religions so as to ensure equality withinthe religious communities.
4. Under the right to freedom of religion, our constitution provides to all citizens freedom to profess, practice and propagate any religion.
5. Under the right to freedom, we are free to promote our religion without harming other religions.
Q16. What is caste hierarchy?
Ans. Caste hierarchy is a ladder like formation in which all the caste groups are placed from the highest to the lowest.
Q17. What do you understand by the term occupational mobility?
Ans. Shift from one occupation to another usually when a new generation takes up occupation other than those practised by their ancestors.
Q18. Explain any 5 reasons for the decline of the caste system in India.
Ans.
1. Efforts of social reformers:- Many reformers like jyotiba Phule, Dr. BR Ambedkar, Mahatma Gandhi and Ramaswami Naicker fought against the caste inequalities.
2. Social-economic change:- Social-economic changes in the country also brought a change in the caste system. With the economic development, growth of literacy, occupational mobility.
3. Large scale Urbanisation:- Development of new cities, industrialization creates a new job opportunities in the urban areas. It compelled people from all caste to live and work together.
4. Role of the Constitution:- The Constitution prohibited any caste based discrimination and laid the foundation of the political policies to reverse the injustice of the caste system.
5. Occupational mobility:- People of different caste change their occupation. New generation takes up occupation other than those practised by their ancestors.
Q19. " Cast hasn't still disappeared from contemporary India". cite any 5 examples to justify the statement
Or
state how caste inequalities are still continuing in India.
Ans.
I agree with the statement.
Arguments:
1. Most people are marry within their own caste or tribe.
2. Untouchability has not ended completely, despite constitutional prohibition.
3. A large mass of low caste people still do not have access to education.
4. The effect of centuries of accumulated advantages and disadvantages continue to befelt.
5. Caste continues to be linked to economic status. It was very rare to find rich people among the 'lowest' caste.
Q20. What are the various forms of caste in politics?
Or
"Caste has a significant role in Indian politics". Assess the statement.
Ans.
Caste is sole basis of social community. The people belonging to the same caste belong to a natural social community and have the same interest which they do not share with anyone from another caste. It can take various forms in politics:-
1. Nomination of candidates:
When parties choose candidates in election, they keep in mind the caste composition of the voters and nominate candidates from different caste so as to get necessary support to win election.
2. Political parties as representatives of caste:
During the campaigning, the political leaders make appeal to people to give their votes on the basis of caste.
3. Universal adult franchise:
Universal adult franchise and the principle of one person one vote compelled political leaders to mobilise and secure political support.
Q21. Do you agree that caste alone cannot determine election result in India? Support your answer with the valid arguments.
Or
"Elections are not all about caste"? Analyse the statement with valid arguments.
Ans:
"Elections are not all about caste is not true. There are other factors which do matter in electoral politics.
1. Every candidate and party needs to win the confidence of more than one caste and community to win the election.
2. No party win the votes of all the voters of a caste or community.
3. Many political party may put up candidates from the same caste if that caste is dominated in that particular constituency.
4. The ruling party and the sitting MP or MLA frequently lose elections in our country.
5. The voters have strong attachment to political parties which is often stronger than their attachment to their caste.
6. Performance of the government also plays an important role in the election.
7. Popularity rating of the leaders matter and is often decisive in elections.
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