Democratic Rights-Important Question Answer-Class 9-Social Science

Chapter-Democratic Rights-Important Question Answer

Class - 9
Subject-Social Science

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3-Mark Questions

1. What are rights? Why are they necessary?

   • Rights are claims that people make on others, society, or the government, recognized by law.
   • Rights are essential for living with dignity and fairness.
   • They ensure equality and protect people from exploitation.
   • They allow individuals to develop and express themselves freely.

2. What is the Right to Equality?

   • It ensures equality before the law and equal protection of the law for all.
   • It prohibits discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
   • It provides equal access to public places and opportunities for employment.

3. What are Fundamental Rights?

• Fundamental Rights are essential rights guaranteed by the Constitution.
• They include six main rights:
1. Right to Equality
2. Right to Freedom
3. Right against Exploitation
4. Right to Freedom of Religion
5. Cultural and Educational Rights
6. Right to Constitutional Remedies

4. Why do we need rights in a democracy?

   1. • Rights protect individuals from the oppression of the majority.
      • They ensure equality and fairness in society.
      • Rights enable citizens to freely express opinions, participate in elections, and form associations, essential for democracy.

   2. What is the Right against Exploitation?

      • It prohibits human trafficking, forced labor, and child labor in hazardous industries.
      • Bonded labor and begar (free labor under coercion) are also illegal.
      • This right aims to protect weaker sections from exploitation.

   3. What is the significance of the Right to Constitutional Remedies?

      • It empowers citizens to move the courts if Fundamental Rights are violated.
      • Courts can issue writs like habeas corpus, mandamus, and others to protect these rights.
      • This right ensures that Fundamental Rights are enforceable.

   4. What are Cultural and Educational Rights?

      • These rights protect the culture, language, and education of minorities.
      • They allow minorities to establish and administer their own educational institutions.
      • No citizen can be denied admission to government-aided institutions based on religion or language.

   5. What is secularism as practiced in India?

   • India has no official state religion and treats all religions equally.
   • Every individual is free to practice, profess, and propagate any religion.
   • The state cannot promote or favor any particular religion.

   6. 1. What are the reasonable restrictions on the Right to Freedom?

         • Freedom is not absolute and can be restricted in cases like:
           1. Speech that incites violence or hatred.
           2. Activities that disrupt public peace or order.
           3. Actions that harm the sovereignty and security of the nation.

      2. What does the Right to Education entail?

         • It provides free and compulsory education to children aged 6 to 14 years.
         • It ensures access to education for all, irrespective of caste, religion, or economic status.
         • The government is responsible for implementing this right.

      3. What is the role of the judiciary in protecting Fundamental Rights?

         • The judiciary ensures the enforcement of rights through the Right to Constitutional Remedies.
         • Citizens can directly approach High Courts or the Supreme Court in case of violations.
         • Courts can issue writs like habeas corpus and mandamus to protect rights.

      4. What is untouchability? How is it addressed under Fundamental Rights?

         • Untouchability refers to social discrimination based on caste.
         • It is abolished under the Right to Equality.
         • Practicing untouchability is punishable by law.

      5. Why are Public Interest Litigations (PILs) important?

         • PILs allow any citizen to approach courts for broader public interest.
         • They address issues like corruption, human rights violations, and environmental concerns.
         • Courts take up cases even on the basis of simple letters, ensuring justice for all.

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5-Mark Questions

1. Explain the Right to Freedom in the Indian Constitution.

   • Freedom ensures the absence of constraints on individual actions.
   • Under the Constitution, it includes:
     1. Freedom of speech and expression.
     2. Freedom to assemble peacefully.
     3. Freedom to form associations or unions.
     4. Freedom to move freely throughout India.
     5. Freedom to reside in any part of the country.
     6. Freedom to practice any profession or occupation.
   • These freedoms are subject to reasonable restrictions for public safety and order.

2. What is the Right to Constitutional Remedies? Why is it called the ‘heart and soul’ of the Constitution?

   • It allows citizens to approach the courts if their Fundamental Rights are violated.
   • The courts can issue directions, orders, or writs to enforce these rights.
   • Dr. B.R. Ambedkar called it the ‘heart and soul’ because it safeguards all other rights.
   • It enables citizens to challenge government actions that infringe upon rights.
   • This right ensures that democracy and justice prevail in the country.

3. What does the Right to Freedom of Religion ensure?

• Every individual has the freedom to profess, practice, and propagate any religion.
• The state treats all religions equally and does not establish any official religion.
• Religious groups can manage their own affairs.
• No person can be forced to pay taxes for religious activities.
• The Constitution bans religious instruction in government-run educational institutions.

1. What are the six Fundamental Rights guaranteed by the Indian Constitution? Explain briefly.

   • Right to Equality: Ensures equal treatment, prohibits discrimination, and provides equal opportunities in public jobs.
   • Right to Freedom: Includes speech, expression, peaceful assembly, movement, and choice of profession.
   • Right against Exploitation: Prohibits human trafficking, forced labor, and child labor in hazardous conditions.
   • Right to Freedom of Religion: Allows individuals to practice and propagate their religion.
   • Cultural and Educational Rights: Protects the rights of minorities to conserve their culture and establish institutions.
   • Right to Constitutional Remedies: Allows citizens to seek enforcement of Fundamental Rights in courts.

2. How are rights related to responsibilities?

   • Rights are reasonable claims granted to individuals, ensuring freedom and dignity.
   • They come with the obligation to respect the rights of others.
   • For example, the Right to Freedom of Speech allows individuals to express their opinions but restricts hate speech.
   • Rights ensure equality, but responsibilities like paying taxes and following laws are necessary for societal welfare.
   • Rights and responsibilities together sustain democracy.

3. Explain the concept of "rule of law" under the Right to Equality.

   • The "rule of law" means that all individuals, regardless of status, are subject to the same laws.
   • No one, including government officials or leaders, is above the law.
   • Examples: A Prime Minister facing trial is treated like any citizen.
   • It prohibits discrimination based on religion, caste, sex, or birthplace and ensures equal access to public facilities.

4. What does the Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression include? Are there any restrictions?

   • It allows citizens to express ideas and opinions freely through words, writing, art, or media.
   • Citizens can criticize the government, publish news, and promote social issues.
   • Restrictions: Speech should not incite violence, defame others, or threaten public peace.
   • Example: A ban on hate speech protects communal harmony.

5. Why are Fundamental Rights essential for democracy?

• Fundamental Rights ensure equality, freedom, and protection for all citizens.
• They prevent misuse of power by governments.
• Rights like freedom of speech allow criticism of policies, ensuring accountability.
• They protect minorities and weaker sections from oppression.
• Without these rights, democracy would not function effectively.

1. Explain the Right against Exploitation in detail.

   • The Constitution prohibits three forms of exploitation:
     1. Human trafficking: The buying and selling of individuals, often for immoral purposes.
     2. Forced labor (begar): Forcing people to work without fair wages.
     3. Child labor: Employing children below 14 years in hazardous industries like mining.
   • These measures ensure the dignity and safety of vulnerable sections of society.

2. Discuss the importance of the Right to Equality in India.

   • Equality before the law: All citizens are subject to the same laws, regardless of status.
   • Prohibition of discrimination: No discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, or birthplace.
   • Equality of opportunity: All citizens have equal access to jobs and public facilities.
   • Special provisions for backward sections (like reservations) aim to achieve true equality.
   • Example: Banning untouchability ensures social justice.

3. What is secularism, and how is it reflected in the Indian Constitution?

   • Secularism means the state treats all religions equally and has no official religion.
   • Citizens can profess, practice, and propagate any religion.
   • The state cannot favor or discriminate against any religion.
   • Religious instruction is banned in government-funded schools.
   • It protects the harmony and diversity of India’s multi-religious society.

4. What are the rights provided under the Right to Freedom?   Or 'Right to Freedom is a Cluster(bunch) of rights.' Explain.  

   • It guarantees six freedoms:
     1. Freedom of speech and expression.
     2. Freedom to assemble peacefully.
     3. Freedom to form associations or unions.
     4. Freedom to move freely within India.
     5. Freedom to reside in any part of India.
     6. Freedom to practice any profession or trade.
   • These freedoms come with reasonable restrictions to protect public order, morality, and national security.

5. Why is the Right to Constitutional Remedies essential?

• It enforces all other Fundamental Rights.
• Citizens can directly approach the judiciary if their rights are violated.
• The courts can issue writs like:
  1. Habeas Corpus: Against unlawful detention.
  2. Mandamus: To compel a public official to perform their duty.
  3. Prohibition: To stop a lower court from overstepping its jurisdiction.
  4. Certiorari: To transfer a case from a lower court to a higher court.
  5. Quo Warranto: To question the legality of someone holding a public office.
• Dr. Ambedkar called it the “heart and soul” of the Constitution.

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