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NCERT Solutions-Chapter 2-Reshaping India’s Political Map-Class 8-Social Science

  Exercise Question Answers for Chapter 2 Reshaping India’s Political Map for Class VIII in subject social Science ********************************* Questions and activities: 1. Compare the political strategies of the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughals. What similarities and differences existed between them?   Answer:  Similarities: Both aimed to control a large part of India. Both used strong armies and weapons to conquer. Taxes from people and trade were their main income. Built forts, palaces, and mosques/temples. Faced resistance from local rulers. Differences: Delhi Sultans mostly ruled through force and raids. Mughal rulers, especially Akbar, used alliances, marriages, and tolerance. Mughals built a better administration (mansabdari system). Delhi Sultans shifted capitals and had frequent violent successions. Mughals stayed in power longer because of better planning. 2. Why did kingdoms like the Vijayanagara Empire and the Ahom Kin...
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CLIMATE-EXERCISE QUESTIONS-CLASS-9-Social Science

Chapter 4- Climate(Geography) Class -9 Subject- Social Science 

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1. Choose the correct answer from the four alternatives given below.
(i) Which one of the following places receives the highest rainfall in the world?
(a) Silchar                 (c) Cherrapunji
(b) Mawsynram      (d) Guwahati

(ii) The wind blowing in the northern plains in summers is known as:
(a) Kaal Baisakhi      (c) Trade Winds
(b) Loo                      (d) None of the above

(iii) Monsoon arrives in India approximately in:
(a) Early May            (c) Early June
(b) Early July            (d) Early August

(iv) Which one of the following characterises the cold weather season in India?
(a) Warm days and warm nights
(b) Warm days and cold nights
(c) Cool days and cold nights
(d) Cold days and warm nights

2. Answer the following questions briefly.

(i) What are the controls affecting the climate of India?
Answer. 

  1. Latitude – Tropic of Cancer divides India into tropical and subtropical zones.

  2. Altitude – Mountains like Himalayas keep cold winds out; high places are cooler.

  3. Pressure and Winds – Seasonal winds like monsoon and western disturbances affect climate.

  4. Distance from the sea – Coastal areas have moderate climate; interior areas are extreme.

  5. Ocean currents – Warm or cold currents influence coastal temperatures.

  6. Relief features – Mountains cause rain on one side and dry conditions on the other (rain shadow).


(ii) Why does India have a monsoon type of climate?
Answer:

  1. India experiences a seasonal reversal of winds due to pressure changes.

  2. In summer, low pressure develops over land and winds come from sea – bringing rain.

  3. In winter, winds blow from land to sea – making it dry.

  4. This change causes the monsoon type of climate.

  5. Most of the rainfall occurs in four months (June to September).

(iii) Which part of India does experience the highest diurnal range of temperature and why?
Answer:

  • The Thar Desert in Rajasthan has the highest diurnal range.

  • This is because days are extremely hot and nights are very cool due to lack of moisture and vegetation.


(iv) Which winds account for rainfall along the Malabar coast?
Answer: 

  • The Southwest monsoon winds cause heavy rainfall along the Malabar Coast.

  • These winds come from the Arabian Sea and hit the Western Ghats.


(v) Define monsoons. What do you understand by “break” in monsoon?
Answer:
 Monsoons:

  • Seasonal winds that reverse direction with season changes.

  • Bring most of India’s rainfall.

Break in monsoon:

  • Gaps or pauses in rainfall during the rainy season.

  • There are wet and dry spells, not continuous rain.


(vi) Why is the monsoon considered a unifying bond?
Answer: 

  1. Monsoons bring rain that is essential for agriculture in all parts of India.

  2. Despite different climates, all regions wait for monsoon rains.

  3. Festivals, crops, and people's lives revolve around monsoon.

  4. It creates a seasonal rhythm across the country.

  5. It connects India from north to south and east to west through its impact.


3. Why does the rainfall decrease from the east to the west in Northern India.
Answer: 

  1. Monsoon winds enter India from the Bay of Bengal in the east.

  2. They move towards the north-west after dropping most of their moisture.

  3. Eastern states like West Bengal and Bihar get more rain.

  4. By the time winds reach Punjab and Rajasthan, they have less moisture.

  5. This results in decreasing rainfall from east to west in Northern India.


4. Give reasons as to why.

(i) Seasonal reversal of wind direction takes place over the Indian subcontinent?
Answer: 

  • Due to changes in temperature and pressure over land and sea.

  • In summer: land heats → low pressure → winds come from sea (rainy).

  • In winter: land cools → high pressure → winds blow to sea (dry).


(ii) The bulk of rainfall in India is concentrated over a few months.
Answer: 

  • Most rain is caused by southwest monsoon winds.

  • These winds come only during June to September.


(iii) The Tamil Nadu coast receives winter rainfall.
Answer: 

  • Due to northeast monsoon winds blowing from Bay of Bengal to land.

  • These pick moisture and bring rain to Tamil Nadu in October–November.


(iv) The delta region of the eastern coast is frequently struck by cyclones.
Answer: 

  • Cyclones form in the Bay of Bengal during the retreating monsoon.

  • These move towards the east coast, hitting deltas of Krishna, Godavari, Kaveri.


(v) Parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat and the leeward side of the Western Ghats are drought-prone.
Answer: 

  • These regions are either far from the monsoon path or in the rain shadow area.

  • They receive less than 60 cm of rainfall annually.


5. Describe the regional variations in the climatic conditions of India with the help of suitable examples.
Answer: 

  1. Temperature differences: Rajasthan may reach 50°C in summer, while Drass in J&K goes below –45°C in winter.

  2. Rainfall variation: Mawsynram receives over 400 cm of rainfall; Jaisalmer gets less than 10 cm.

  3. Day-night difference: Thar Desert has large difference; Kerala and Andaman have uniform temperature.

  4. Season length: Winters are long in north India, but barely noticeable in south India.

  5. Relief impact: Mountains like the Western Ghats get rain, but areas behind them are dry.


6. Give an account of weather conditions and characteristics of the cold season.
Answer: 

  1. Occurs from mid-November to February; December–January are coldest months.

  2. Northeast trade winds blow from land to sea – dry in most parts.

  3. Rainfall in Tamil Nadu due to these winds from Bay of Bengal.

  4. Western disturbances bring winter rain to north India – good for rabi crops.

  5. Weather: clear skies, low temperature, low humidity, and frost in north.


7. Give the characteristics and effects of the monsoon rainfall in India.
Answer: 

  1. Brings most of the annual rainfall between June and September.

  2. Rainfall is unevenly distributed – floods in some areas, drought in others.

  3. Monsoon is uncertain – arrival and amount vary every year.

  4. Important for agriculture, as most farmers depend on it.

  5. Monsoon influences festivals, crops, economy, and daily life in India.


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For More Questions Click Below:

Class 9-History





Class 9- Civics
Chapter 2- People as Resource



Class 9- Geography



Chapter 3- Drainage

Chapter 4- Climate


Chapter 6- Population


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