Exercise Question Answers for Chapter 2 Reshaping India’s Political Map for Class VIII in subject social Science ********************************* Questions and activities: 1. Compare the political strategies of the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughals. What similarities and differences existed between them? Answer: Similarities: Both aimed to control a large part of India. Both used strong armies and weapons to conquer. Taxes from people and trade were their main income. Built forts, palaces, and mosques/temples. Faced resistance from local rulers. Differences: Delhi Sultans mostly ruled through force and raids. Mughal rulers, especially Akbar, used alliances, marriages, and tolerance. Mughals built a better administration (mansabdari system). Delhi Sultans shifted capitals and had frequent violent successions. Mughals stayed in power longer because of better planning. 2. Why did kingdoms like the Vijayanagara Empire and the Ahom Kin...
Chapter 3-ELECTORAL POLITICS - CLASS-9 SUBJECT-Social Science
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1. What are elections?
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Elections are a way by which people choose their representatives.
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Voters cast their vote to form the government.
2. What is a constituency?
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A constituency is a fixed area where people elect one representative.
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Each constituency elects one MP or MLA.
3. What are the reserved constituencies?
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Some constituencies are kept for candidates from SC or ST communities.
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Only SC or ST candidates can contest from these areas to ensure fair representation.
4. Who is the head of the Election Commission?
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The Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) is the head.
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They are appointed by the President of India.
5. What are the main functions of the Election Commission of India?
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Prepares and updates voters’ list.
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Conducts elections and declares results.
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Monitors election campaigns and enforces rules.
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Orders repoll if elections are unfair.
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Ensures all parties get equal chances in the elections.
6. What makes elections democratic?
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Everyone above 18 can vote (universal adult franchise).
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Free and fair elections with real choice of candidates.
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Elections are held regularly.
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The party with most votes wins fairly.
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Independent Election Commission conducts elections.
7. Is it good to have political competition?
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Yes, it gives people different choices.
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Leaders work hard to win votes by solving people’s problems.
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Parties raise public issues to gain support.
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People can remove bad leaders through voting.
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It keeps leaders accountable and improves performance.
No, it is not good to have political competion:
a) It creates a sense of disunity.
b) Different political parties and leaders often level allegations against one another.
c) Parties and candidates often use dirty tricks to win elections.
d) Some good people who may wish to serve the country do not enter this arena.
8. When do we celebrate Voter’s Day every year?
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On 25th January every year.
9. Explain the election procedure in India.
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Voters’ list is prepared.
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Candidates file nominations.
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Election campaigns are conducted.
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Voters cast their vote using EVMs.
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Votes are counted and results declared.
10. What is meant by General Elections?
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These are held every 5 years for Parliament or State Assemblies.
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Whole country or state votes to form a new government.
11. What is meant by By-Election?
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It is held when a seat becomes empty due to death or resignation.
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It happens only in one constituency.
12. What are Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs)?
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Machines used to vote instead of paper ballots.
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Voters press a button to vote for their chosen candidate.
13. What unfair practices are used by candidates in elections?
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Bribing or threatening voters.
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Appealing to voters on caste or religion.
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Using government resources during the campaign.
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Spending more money than allowed.
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Making false promises to win votes.
14. How is the Election Commission independent like the judiciary?
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CEC cannot be removed easily by the government.
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Government officials work under EC during elections.
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EC makes all decisions about elections.
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It can punish candidates for breaking rules.
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Ruling party must follow EC’s orders.
15. What are the challenges to free and fair elections in India?
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Use of money and muscle power.
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Criminal candidates getting tickets.
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Few parties dominate politics.
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Fake voters and rigging.
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Ordinary people find it hard to contest.
16. Explain the Role of Election Commission in free and fair elections.
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Controls all election-related activities.
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Enforces the Model Code of Conduct.
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Punishes those who break election rules.
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Orders repoll if needed.
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Makes sure every voter can vote freely.
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Chapter 4- Forest Society and Colonialism
Chapter 5- Pastoralists in the Modern World
Class 9- Civics
Cahpter 1- What is Democracy? Why Democracy?
Chapter 2- Constitutional Design
Chapter 3- Electoral Politics
Chapter 4- Working of Institutions
Class 9- Economics
Chapter 1- The Story of Village Palampur
Chapter 2- People as Resource
Chapter 3- Poverty as a Challenge
Chapter 4- Food Security in India
Class 9- Geography
Chapter 1- India: Size and Location
Chapter 2- Physical Features of India
Chapter 3- Drainage
Chapter 4- Climate
Chapter 5- Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
Chapter 6- Population
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