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NCERT Solutions-Chapter 2-Reshaping India’s Political Map-Class 8-Social Science

  Exercise Question Answers for Chapter 2 Reshaping India’s Political Map for Class VIII in subject social Science ********************************* Questions and activities: 1. Compare the political strategies of the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughals. What similarities and differences existed between them?   Answer:  Similarities: Both aimed to control a large part of India. Both used strong armies and weapons to conquer. Taxes from people and trade were their main income. Built forts, palaces, and mosques/temples. Faced resistance from local rulers. Differences: Delhi Sultans mostly ruled through force and raids. Mughal rulers, especially Akbar, used alliances, marriages, and tolerance. Mughals built a better administration (mansabdari system). Delhi Sultans shifted capitals and had frequent violent successions. Mughals stayed in power longer because of better planning. 2. Why did kingdoms like the Vijayanagara Empire and the Ahom Kin...
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In-Text Question Answer-Timeline and Sources of History-Class 6-Social Science

 

Chapter-Timeline and Sources of History

Class - 6
Subject-Social Science

In-Text Question Answer

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1. How do we measure historical time?

  • Historical time is measured using:
    1. Calendars: Example, the Gregorian calendar.
    2. Timelines: Show the order of events.
    3. Centuries and Millenniums:
      • A century = 100 years.
      • A millennium = 1,000 years.

2. How can various sources help us understand history?

  • Sources of history include:
    1. Objects: Tools, coins, pottery, ornaments.
    2. Monuments: Buildings and structures.
    3. Writings: Books, manuscripts, inscriptions.
    4. Oral traditions: Stories, songs, and folklore.
    • These help us know about past events, cultures, and lifestyles.

3. How did early humans live?

  • Early humans:
    1. Lived in caves or rock shelters.
    2. Were hunters and gatherers, relying on nature for food.
    3. Used fire and basic tools like stone axes.
    4. Created cave paintings and simple ornaments.
    5. Stayed in groups for safety and support.

4. What is your earliest memory?

  • Discuss your earliest memory with your teacher or family. It could be from when you were 3-4 years old, like going to a park or celebrating a festival.

5. How does understanding the past help us understand the present?

  • Studying the past:
    1. Explains how cultures and traditions developed.
    2. Teaches us about early human challenges and solutions.
    3. Helps us avoid repeating past mistakes.

6. Drawing a timeline (2 BCE to 2 CE)

  • A timeline for these years:
    • 2 BCE → 1 BCE → 1 CE → 2 CE.
    • Note: There’s no "Year 0".To find the years between BCE and CE,add them and subtract 1.

    • Examples:

      1. How many years ago was the Buddha born (560 BCE) from 2024 CE?

        • 560+2024−1=2,583 years ago.560 + 2024 - 1 = 2,583 \, \text{years ago.}

      2. Alexander the Great died in 323 BCE. How many years ago was that from 2024 CE?

        • 323+2024−1=2,346 years ago.323 + 2024 - 1 = 2,346 \, \text{years ago.}

      3. If a historical event occurred in 500 BCE, how many years ago was it from 2024 CE?

        • 500+2024−1=2,523 years ago.500 + 2024 - 1 = 2,523 \, \text{years ago.}

      4. The Great Wall of China was started in 221 BCE. How many years ago is that from 2024 CE?

        • 221+2024−1=2,244 years ago.221 + 2024 - 1 = 2,244 \, \text{years ago.}

      5. If the Mahavira was born in 599 BCE, how many years ago is that from 2024 CE?

        • 599+2024−1=2,622 years ago.599 + 2024 - 1 = 2,622 \, \text{years ago.}

7. Images on Page 69

  • Identify objects like tools, coins, or pottery.
    1. Tools: Used for hunting or building.
    2. Pottery: For storing food or water.
    3. Coins: Tell about trade and rulers.

8. Activities of early humans (Page 70)

  • In the rock shelter image:
    1. Hunting: Using weapons like spears.
    2. Gathering: Collecting fruits and plants.
    3. Painting: Drawing animals or symbols on rocks.
    4. Using Fire: For cooking and protection.

9. Agricultural community (Page 72)

  • Activities seen:
    1. Farming: Planting and harvesting crops.
    2. Domesticating animals: Cattle and goats.
    3. Making pottery: To store grains.
    4. Community living: Working together and sharing tasks.
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