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NCERT Solutions-Chapter 2-Reshaping India’s Political Map-Class 8-Social Science

  Exercise Question Answers for Chapter 2 Reshaping India’s Political Map for Class VIII in subject social Science ********************************* Questions and activities: 1. Compare the political strategies of the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughals. What similarities and differences existed between them?   Answer:  Similarities: Both aimed to control a large part of India. Both used strong armies and weapons to conquer. Taxes from people and trade were their main income. Built forts, palaces, and mosques/temples. Faced resistance from local rulers. Differences: Delhi Sultans mostly ruled through force and raids. Mughal rulers, especially Akbar, used alliances, marriages, and tolerance. Mughals built a better administration (mansabdari system). Delhi Sultans shifted capitals and had frequent violent successions. Mughals stayed in power longer because of better planning. 2. Why did kingdoms like the Vijayanagara Empire and the Ahom Kin...
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In-Text Questions-India's Cultural Roots-Class 6-Social Science

India's Cultural Roots

Class - 6
Subject-Social Science

In-Text Questions

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1. What are the Vedas? What is their message?

  • The Vedas are ancient texts of India, composed in Sanskrit.
  • There are four Vedas: Ṛig Veda, Yajur Veda, Sāma Veda, and Atharva Veda.
  • They contain hymns, prayers, and rituals and were passed down orally.
  • The message of the Vedas emphasizes truth, unity, and harmony with nature and the universe.

2. What new schools of thought emerged in India in the 1st millennium BCE? What are their core principles?

  • Vedanta: Teaches about oneness with a universal essence, called brahman.
  • Yoga: Focuses on physical and mental discipline to connect with the divine.
  • Buddhism: Founded by Buddha, emphasizes ahimsa (non-violence), inner discipline, and freedom from suffering.
  • Jainism: Teaches ahimsa, non-attachment (aparigraha), and truth (anekāntavāda).

3. What is the contribution of folk and tribal traditions to Indian culture?

  • Tribal traditions introduced unique festivals, art, and oral stories.
  • They view nature, such as mountains and rivers, as sacred.
  • Tribal deities, like Jagannath, have influenced mainstream Hinduism.
  • Folk traditions like music and dance added to India’s cultural diversity.

4. What is the term for a society where people select their leaders?

  • The term is democracy.
  • Benefits: People can choose leaders who represent their needs and interests. This ensures fairness and equal rights.
  • Challenges of non-democratic rule: Leaders chosen without people’s consent may misuse power, leading to injustice and dissatisfaction.

5. Discuss the way the Buddha is depicted in the above panel.

  • The panel shows Buddha teaching his followers.
  • He is calm.
  • The depiction symbolizes peace, wisdom, and compassion.

6. Name some states or countries where Buddhism is a major religion today.

  • India: Bihar, Maharashtra, Sikkim.
  • Other countries: Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand, Japan, and China.

7. Observe the panel (from a Jain temple in New Delhi). What is striking about it? What messages does it carry?

  • The panel is intricate and beautifully carved.
  • It emphasizes non-violence, equality, and the interconnectedness of all living beings.
  • It promotes the Jain values of peace and simplicity.

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