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Exercise Question Answers- Chapter -5-Pastoralists in the Modern World(History)
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1. Explain why nomadic tribes need to move from one place to another. What are the advantages to the environment of this continuous movement?
Answer:
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They move to find fresh grass and water for their animals.
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Pastures change with seasons (summer/winter or dry/rainy).
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Movement helps them survive droughts or famines.
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They follow a fixed cycle every year for better grazing.
✔ Advantages to the environment:
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Prevents overgrazing in one area.
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Grasslands get time to grow back naturally.
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Helps maintain soil and plant health.
2. Discuss why the colonial government in India brought in the following laws. In each case, explain how the law changed the lives of pastoralists:
Answer:
🔹 Waste Land Rules
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Government took over uncultivated (grazing) lands to grow crops.
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Pastoralists lost their grazing areas.
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Movement became difficult, and their animals had less to eat.
🔹 Forest Acts
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Some forests were made “Reserved” or “Protected”.
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Entry was restricted; permits were needed.
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Pastoralists were not allowed to graze animals freely in forests.
🔹 Criminal Tribes Act
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Some nomadic groups were labeled as "criminals by birth".
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They had to live in fixed areas under police watch.
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Lost freedom to move and their traditional lifestyle.
🔹 Grazing Tax
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Pastoralists had to pay tax for each animal grazing.
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It became expensive to keep large herds.
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Some became poor and sold animals.
3. Give reasons to explain why the Maasai community lost their grazing lands.
Answer:
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Colonial powers (British & German) divided Maasai land into two.
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Best grazing lands were taken by white settlers.
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Some land was made into national parks (no grazing allowed).
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Cultivation by other communities also reduced pasture area.
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Forced to live in dry areas with little grass and water.
4. There are many similarities in the way in which the modern world forced changes in the lives of pastoral communities in India and East Africa. Write about any two examples of changes which were similar for Indian pastoralists and the Maasai herders.
Answer: Two similar changes in India and East Africa for pastoralists:
1. Loss of Grazing Land:
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In both regions, British took grazing land for farming, parks, and settlements.
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Pastoralists had less area to graze animals.
2. Restrictions on Movement:
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New boundaries and rules limited movement.
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Permits were needed, and crossing borders became hard.
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This hurt their ability to find fresh pastures.
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For More Questions Click Below:
Chapter 4- Forest Society and Colonialism
Chapter 5- Pastoralists in the Modern World
Class 9- Civics
Class 9- Civics
Cahpter 1- What is Democracy? Why Democracy?
Chapter 2- Constitutional Design
Chapter 3- Electoral Politics
Chapter 4- Working of Institutions
Class 9- Economics
Chapter 1- The Story of Village Palampur
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